ABSTRACT
In present manuscript describes synthesis of silver nanoparticles using turmeric leaves extract, traditional turmeric is a common spice that comes from the root of Curcuma longa, chemical called curcumin. Turmeric has a warm, bitter taste and is frequently used to flavor or color curry powders, mustards, butters, and cheeses. People commonly use turmeric for osteoarthritis, hay fever, depression, high cholesterol, liver disease, itching. There is also no good evidence to support using turmeric for COVID-19. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles AgNO powder was dissolved in distilled water to prepare 10 mM AgNO stock 3 3 solution from which different composition prepared. The AgNO solutions were mixed with urmeric plants 3 t leaves extract in equal proportion in flask. The flask was wrapped with an aluminum foil and was then heated in a water bath at 50-60 C for 2 hours. The synthesis of nanoparticles, which was confirmed by UVSpectra and TEM. UV-Vis spectra and visual observation showed that the color of the fresh leaf extractsof Vinca rosea turned into brownish yellow, respectively, after treatment with silver. In addition, TEM analysis confirmed that AgNO solutions for all concentrations produced ilver nanoparticles and their average size 3 s was less than 20 nm. Turmeric plants extract of fresh leaves can be used as bioreducing agents, drug resistant strains, toxic nature towards microbial agents, play an important role in nanoscience and nanotechnology, particularly in nanomedicine and potential applications in cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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A few industries, such as the beverage industry, have experienced some growth in sales during the COVID-19 pandemic. Globally, beverage companies alone generate over 200 million tonnes of biomass annually, which largely ends up as animal feed or in landfills. With the UK government's commitment to reduce its carbon footprint by at least 68% in 2030, many companies, especially small and medium enterprises (SMEs), are exploring options to reduce carbon emissions and develop roadmaps to become carbon neutral. It has thus become imperative for beverage companies to find value in or repurpose their waste. This paper unlocks the potential for improving the fuel properties of beverage waste through a blending process and explores the determination of optimal fractions for the blends via characterization. With an initial moisture content of 82 and 58 wt.% brewery spent grain (BSG) and spent coffee grounds (SCG), respectively, the pre-treatment process reduced moisture content by approximately 10-15 wt.%. The study concludes that biomass blending improved the fuel properties of the biomass, providing a competitive comparison with coal for energy applications.
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Although the enslavement of people has been legally eradicated in Brazil, unfortunately, it remains, whether in the city or the countryside, in its "contemporary" capitalist version. In the case of coffee growing the South/Southwest of Minas, both the precariousness of work and contemporary slavery occur during the harvest, mainly with migrant workers recruited in the North of Minas and the Northeast of the country, they remained even during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this sense, the present article proposes to analyze the precariousness of work, which leads to cases of contemporary enslavement of coffee pickers in the South/Southwest mesoregion of Minas, from the occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to the theoretical framework and statistical data, the analysis of published reports on the subject during the year 2021 was used with methodological procedures. The results showed that, despite the rescues carried out and the penalties established in the pandemic, unfortunately, employers continue to enslave workers in socioeconomic vulnerability in the region's coffee plantations due to the certainty of impunity, as the assessments are lengthy and negotiable, demonstrating that the penalties must become more incisive for those who enslave.
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During the current COVID-19 outbreak, Thai traditional antipyretic recipes and antipyretic herbs have been widely studied. Antipyretic Thai/Lanna herbal decoction for relieving fever in the North consists of Tinospora crispa, Rhinacanthus nasutus, Sauropus androgynus and Alstonia scholaris. This research aimed to study the physical stability, pH, sedimentation, and color of the Lanna antipyretic decoction at 4 degrees C 25 degrees C and 40 degrees C with 75 +or- 5% RH for 7 days. The testing included the Folin Ciocalteu method for quantifying total phenolic content, the aluminium chloride colorimetry for flavonoid content, and the DPPH radical scavenging and ABTS methods for antioxidant activities. The results demonstrated that, for the decoction, the pH values at various temperatures dropped with storage time, the sediment amounts increased with storage time, but its color did not change at 4 degrees C. Its total phenolic and flavonoid contents rose with storage time. The total phenolic contents in mg GAE/g extract at Days 0 and 7 were 161.13 +or- 5.62 and 15.34 +or- 6.21 at 4 degrees C, 160.53 +or- 11.78 and 14.32 +or- 1.13 at 25 degrees C, and 160.09 +or- 7.39 and 12.82 +or- 6.91 at 40 degrees C, respectively;while the flavonoid contents in mgQE/g extract at Days 0 and 7 were 20.32 +or- 0.43 and 7.80 +or- 0.34 at 4 degrees C, 20.10 +or- 0.47 and 7.27 +or- 0.20 at 25 degrees C, and 20.06 +or- 0.55 and 6.63 +or- 0.43 at 40 degrees C, respectively. The decoction's free radical inhibition (IC50) values at 4 degrees C, 25 degrees C and 40 degrees C by DPPH ranged from 14.74 +or- 0.04 to 23.18 +or- 0.72%w/w;and by ABTS the values ranged from 2.63 +or- 0.12 to 3.95 +or- 0.05%w/w. At the storage temperature of 4 degrees C, the decoction showed the best physical stability. Thus, the results can be used in setting up storage guidelines for Thai traditional and folk decoctions to ensue the best stability.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: The High Mountain Region (RHM) is the most productive and socioeconomic region for the coffee cultivation in the state of Veracruz, Mexico, and one of the most representative of the sector at the national level. Background: To determine the quality of life (QL) from the objective and subjective point of view of the small coffee producers (SP) in RHM, Mexico. Materials and methods: One hundred and fifty semi-structured interviews were applied to producers in eleven municipalities located in: Comapa, Coscomatepec, Huatusco, Ixhuatl..n del caf.., Sochiapa, Tenampa, Tomatl..n, Totutla, Tlaltetela, Tlacotepec, and Zentla, during 2020. Descriptive statistics and trend measurements were obtained. Results: At objective level the QL was found to be low, but at the farmers' subjective level, it was determined to be acceptable. In the objective assessment, it was identified that the SP have minimal education (primary), the income is not adequate (they require activities outside the farm with an average net annual income of US $ 416 to US $ 1115), the cost of health has increased (due to the COVID-19 pandemic), and proper nutrition is lacking (19 to 25 meals per month). In the subjective assessment there is insecurity and distrust with the government authorities, however, the producers have adapted to living in adverse socioeconomic contexts, since they value community life, intra-family relationships and their environment (coffee growing), which could be influenced by their own worldview. Conclusion: With or without knowledge of the concept of quality, producers have developed a learned or acquired capacity, both individually and collectively to adapt to the environment. Objectively, the quality of life is considered low, however, the interviewees had a perception of satisfaction both individually and collectively.
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This paper is aimed to share the community service experiences held at Boro Sumbersari hamlet which is located at 98A UB forest plot. Boro Sumbersari hamlet is inhabited by Magersaren community. The Magersaren community are farmers and forest workers who depend on forest for their livelihoods. Magersaren has been practicing agroforestry for a long time. They grow Robusta and Arabica coffee among other forest plants. Currently coffee is a favorite beverage, the number of its consumers continues to increase. Many people are interested in the ground coffee beans made by Magersaren traditionally, but it has not been widely marketed. The purpose of this community service program is to generate an alternative source of Magersaren household income, through the added value improvement of local flavored ground coffee beans they have. The added value of magersaren's ground coffee beans can be increased through product development technologies such as attractive packaging techniques and the creation of new variants ground coffe beans by adding brown sugar and powdered ginger. The execution of community service activities that have been carried out consists of: (1)program socialization;(2)focus group discussion;(3)production, packaging and management training;(4)small-business starting up;(5)program evaluation. These community service activities are held during the social distancing due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This condition becomes an obstacle to the effectiveness of program implementation. The start-up small business needs to be continuously supported in order to survive through a critical period of business development, especially under economic pressure during the pandemic.
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Unique plants and their properties, once considered synonymous to medicine, remain a potent source for new compounds in modern science. Plant polyphenols and natural products continue to be investigated for effective treatments for the most persistent of human ailments. In this review, fifty novel plant phenolic compounds have been compiled and briefly described from the previous five years. Select compounds and notable plant species from genus Morinda and Sophora are further expanded on. Traditional medicine plants often contain rich and diverse mixtures of flavonoids, from which rare compounds should receive attention. The bioactivity of crude plant extracts, purified compounds and mixtures can differ greatly, requiring that these interactions and mechanisms of action be investigated in greater detail. Novel applications of uncommon natural products, namely mimosine and juglone, are explored within this review. The 2019 coronavirus pandemic has resulted in abrupt spike of related scientific publications: speculation is made regarding plant natural products and future of antiviral drug discovery.
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Stress such as uncertainty about the future, including the problem of new coronavirus infection, is a very serious problem not only for physical health but also for mental health. It is certain that stress is one of the risk factors for developing mental disorders. We have found stress-responsive biomarker (stress marker) candidates through studies on the process from stress to disease onset. Recently, we have been trying to prove the stress-suppressing effect of aroma with brain factors. We analyzed how aroma affects behavioral changes due to stress and the expression of stress marker candidates in the brain. In this article, the data on aroma that we have accumulated so far will be introduced. Specifically, we will describe changes happened in experimental animals when they smelled coffee beans, lavender, cypress, a-pinene, and thyme linalool. When considering the biological effects of aroma, it is inevitable that not only the olfactory pathway but also odor molecules act through the bloodstream by nasal and transdermal absorption. The brain transferability of odor molecules may be a bottleneck in analyzing the biological effects of volatile components. Thus, we would like to discuss on this issue.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has changed consumer demands for food products due to the importance of eating functional foods capable of increasing the body's immune system, such as those containing natural bioactive compounds. Immune system enhancement through food intake is one of the top priorities for consumers globally. Hard candy products are ordinary foods consumed by people of all ages and social classes with numerous negative consumer perceptions due to their ability to cause dental caries. Therefore, it is imperative to develop hard candy as a functional food with antioxidant and antibacterial properties derived from natural ingredients. This research aims to innovate and design hard candy products that are acceptable to consumers with the addition of gambir catechins to its formulas. This research is considered novel for it provides innovation and design of hard candy products that are acceptable to consumers with the addition of gambir catechins. The result showed that all hard candy product formulas have Staphylococcus aureus with antimicrobial and antioxidant activities;hence, increased catechin concentration significantly affects these activities. Products in formulas 17, 8, 18, 4, and 7 with 4-5 ratings after organoleptic testing are standard products manufactured in accordance with SNI 3547.1:2018.
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The novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Ancient Chinese herbal formulas are effective for diseases caused by viral infection, and their effects on COVID-19 are currently being examined. To directly evaluate the role of Chinese herbs in inhibiting replication of SARS-CoV-2, we investigated how the phytochemicals from Chinese herbs interact with the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP). Total 1025 compounds were screened, and then 181compounds were selected for molecular docking analysis. Four phytochemicals licorice glycoside E, diisooctyl phthalate, (-)-medicocarpin, and glycyroside showed good binding affinity with RdRp. The best complex licorice glycoside E/RdRp forms 3 hydrogen bonds, 4 hydrophobic interactions, 1 pair of Pi-cation/stacking, and 4 salt bridges. Furthermore, docking complexes licorice glycoside E/RdRp and diisooctyl phthalate/RdRp were optimized by molecular dynamics simulation to obtain the stable conformation. These studies indicate that they are promising as antivirals against SARS-CoV-2.
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Objective: To explore the potential common mechanism and active ingredients of Reduning Injection against SARS, MERS and COVID-19 through network pharmacology and molecular docking technology.
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In sub-Saharan countries like Ethiopia, COVID-19 affected not only the health sector, but also the agricultural productivity and marketing, especially affecting coffee producers' probability of market participation. The study was conducted on the effects of COVID-19 on smallholder coffee producers' coffee market participation in Godere district, southwestern Ethiopia. This study aimed to identify the effects of COVID-19 on coffee producers, its effect on the decisions of market participation mechanisms, and the prevention mechanisms employed during the pandemic. For this study, qualitative and quantitative data were collected from primary and secondary sources by using a semi-structured interview schedule with well-trained data collectors. The data was analyzed, and a simple random sampling technique was used to select 384 coffee producers at 95% confidence level. The study result shows that the level of coffee producers' market participation was reduced from 100% to 81.25% because of COVID-19's effect on smallholder farmers, with 18.75% failing to participate in the coffee market. COVID-19 prevention mechanism provided by the government for social movement was strongly affecting farmer levels of market participation. Most of the coffee producers agreed that COVID-19 affected their probability of coffee market participation because concerned stakeholders in the sector were not well subsidized to recover from the depression. Most of the farmers were not effectively getting financial services from aid organizations and government to mitigate the impact on their livelihood. Generally, COVID-19 strongly affected the levels of coffee producers' market participation, and it is advisable for concerned bodies to support producers by providing subsidies and creating market linkages.
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Studies were conducted to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on coffee production concerning labour, since labour is major input required for all the operations right from planting to harvesting. The Indian coffee sector was affected by Covid-19 pandemic. It was reported that the pandemic has decreased production as well as exports. To face this type of situation, short domestic processing and storage need to be increased rather than being solely dependent only on earnings from exports.
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This proceedings contains 13 papers focusing on the effect of green tea extract in modulating the antibacterial activity of standard antibiotics against clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii, in silico screening of Ziziphus spina-christi and Strychnos ligustrine compounds as a proteinase inhibitor of SARS-COV-2, antioxidant and antifungal propterties of palu shallot (Allium ascalonicum var. aggregatum), probiotic properties and safety of lactic acid bactera isolated from South Sulawesi ethnic cheese, pharmacognostics of 2 Orthoshipon aristatus varieties and effect of honey consumption after physical exercises on electrolytes and blood sugar levels, among others.
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This paper is aimed to share the community service experiences held at Boro Sumbersari hamlet which is located at 98A UB forest plot. Boro Sumbersari hamlet is inhabited by Magersaren community. The Magersaren community are farmers and forest workers who depend on forest for their livelihoods. Magersaren has been practicing agroforestry for a long time. They grow Robusta and Arabica coffee among other forest plants. Currently coffee is a favorite beverage, the number of its consumers continues to increase. Many people are interested in the ground coffee beans made by Magersaren traditionally, but it has not been widely marketed. The purpose of this community service program is to generate an alternative source of Magersaren household income, through the added value improvement of local flavored ground coffee beans they have. The added value of magersaren's ground coffee beans can be increased through product development technologies such as attractive packaging techniques and the creation of new variants ground coffe beans by adding brown sugar and powdered ginger. The execution of community service activities that have been carried out consists of: (1) program socialization;(2) focus group discussion;(3) production, packaging and management training;(4) small-business starting up;(5) program evaluation. These community service activities are held during the social distancing due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This condition becomes an obstacle to the effectiveness of program implementation. The start-up small business needs to be continuously supported in order to survive through a critical period of business development, especially under economic pressure during the pandemic.
ABSTRACT
Objective: This study was conducted to identify medicinal plants in the fight against Coronavirus disease, influenza and colds cited by travelers who came for their Covid test at the Institut Pasteur of C..te d'Ivoire. Methodology and Results: A semi-structured interview was conducted with 527 travelers from April 1 to June 30, 2021. The interviewed travelers were predominantly male (69.4%). Travelers going to France (28.46%) were the most numerous. The most represented age groups were 41-64 (43.83%) and 25-40 (43.26%). When the level of education is considered, the surveyed travelers have a higher level of education (89.94%). Entrepreneurs (13.85%), traders (12.66%), company directors (12.33%), students (8.54%) and health workers (6.45%) are the majority. Only 21.63% of travelers used traditional medicine in the last 12 months prior to the survey. Various plants are used to fight (33.43%) or prevent (56.57%) Coronavirus disease (7.02%), influenza (3.60%) and colds (2.84%). In total, 13 species of medicinal plants divided into 13 genera and 13 families were cited. Azadirachta indica (Meliaceae) with citation frequencies (cf) of 22%, Zingiber officinale (Zingiberaceae) with cf of 21% and Citrus limon (Rutaceae) with cf of 14% were the most cited species. Conclusion and application of results: These plants could be used for research and development of phytomedicines against Coronavirus, influenza and cold.